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In 1877, the French astronomer E. M. Stephan, observing
visually with the 40cm refracting telescope of the Observatory
of Marseilles, discovered a small, dense group of galaxies. This
remarkable system, now known as Stephan's Quintet (aka Hickson
92, Arp 319, & VV 228), consists of five galaxies which appear
so close together that their images overlap. Many of the galaxies
are extraordinary in themselves, showing signs of violent interaction,
including highly distorted shapes, and long filaments of stars
and gas extending far from the body of the galaxy. This system
is the prototype of a class of small clusters of galaxies commonly
known as "compact groups of galaxies".
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